Mandan Indians Essay Example For Students

Mandan Indians Essay Mandan IndiansThe Mandan Indians were a little, tranquil clan situated at the mouth of the Knife River on the Missouri close to introduce day Bismarck, North Dakota. The Mandan were generally known for their kind disposition and their homes, called earth lodges. The ladies of the Mandan clan tended their nurseries, arranged food, and kept up lodges while the men invested their energy chasing or looking for otherworldly information. The Mandan Indians performed numerous services, for example, the Buffalo Dance and the Okipa Ceremony that have been the focal point of extraordinary enthusiasm to numerous students of history. The Mandan are additionally a significant piece of history since Lewis and Clark went through their first winter with these individuals and met Sacagawea, who helped direct them for the remainder of their excursion west. Mandan towns were the focal point of the social, otherworldly, and monetary existences of the Mandan Indians. Towns were deliberately situated on feigns ignoring the waterway for resistance purposes, constraining assaults to one land approach. The Mandan lived in earth lodges, which are very enormous, round cottages that are 15 feet high and 40-60 feet in width. Every hovel had a vestibule entrance, much like the example of an Eskimo igloo, and a square opening on top, which filled in as a smokestack. Each earth stop housed 10-30 individuals and their things, and towns contained 50-120 earth lodges. The edge of an earth hold up was produced using tree trunks, which were secured with confounded willow branches. Over the branches they set soil and grass, which authored the term earth hold up. This sort of development made the rooftops sufficiently able to help individuals on evenings of good climate. The floors of earth lodges were made of soil and the center was uncovered to make a seat around the external edge of the hotel. Including the town were barricades of posts as tall as six feet high to forestall adversary assaults. In a Mandan town was an enormous, roundabout, open space that was known as the focal court. In the square was a hallowed cedar post that spoke to the Lone Man, a legend to the Mandan. At the North finish of the court was the medication or formal cabin. The course of action of earth holds up around the focal court spoke to the economic wellbeing of every family. Townspeople who had significant stately obligations were found nearer to the court than the individuals who were most certainly not. The rich, floodplain handle that encompassed the town made horticulture the premise of Mandan presence. On getting ready food and looking after hotels, supporting nurseries was the undertaking of ladies inside the town. The farming year started in April when ladies would clear the fields by consuming the old stalks and weeds of the earlier years crops. Around May they planted lines of corn, beans, tobacco, pumpkin, sunflowers and squash opposite to the sun with the goal that the harvests would get the most daylight. To tend their nurseries, ladies utilized instruments, for example, a burrowing stick, rake, and digger made out of wood or wild ox bones. Mandan gardens had numerous foes, including grassland pooches, winged creatures, and little rodents. So as to shield their nurseries from these predators they regularly developed scarecrows out of wild ox cover up. Another way Mandan ladies attempted to secure their nurseries was by rehearsing ceremonies that approached the heavenly for help. Frequently, ladies performed every day purging customs before entering their nurseries by scouring sage over their bodies, which they accepted would shield their yields from worms and malady. Gathering started in late August with squash and finished in October with corn. After gather, ladies would dry the corn in platforms that were worked over the ground. After the corn was dry, ladies picked the seeds that they would use for the following years garden and the rest was covered with other dried nursery things in reserves (underground stockpiling pits) to safeguard them through the winter. These stores were sufficiently profound to require a stepping stool and regularly took a few days to manufacture. When they were assembled they were fixed with grass and wild ox cover up. The dried corn, squash, and sunflowers were set inside. In what manner Can Artificial Intelligence Help Us? Article This man was known as the Okipa Maker and so as to support such a function he should collect an immense measure of merchandise, which would thusly be parted with during the service. The Okipa Maker relied upon his family and faction to help give the merchandise expected to this occasion. Previously and during the function little youngsters who wished to become men inside the town persevered through significant stretches of fasting during which a little youngster wanted to be visited by a soul, in creature structure, who might give him force and guide him through life. The idea of their vision was accounted for to older folks to decide their job inside the town. After the vision, the youngsters picked a relative to slice gaps through the skin on their chest and embedded two sticks, joined to a long bit of cover up, that would suspend him noticeable all around from the focal light emissions medication stop. When the kid was rendered oblivious, he was brought down to the ground to recover cognizance without provocation from others. The target of the function was to test a keeps an eye on perseverance and solidarity to guarantee he was in reality deserving of turning into a warrior. The Mandan Indians are likewise known for the way that Lewis and Clark spent their first winter among these individuals. Lewis and Clark showed up in the Mandan town in November of 1804 following 1,600 miles and 164 days of voyaging and inside about a month built Fort Mandan, which they named after their Indian companions. Lewis and Clark remained with the Mandans for five months during which time they met a hide dealer named Toussaint Charbonneau, his Shoshoni spouse Sacagawea, and their newborn child Jean Baptiste. Sacagaweas country was in the Rocky Mountains, in all probability close to introduce day Lehmi, Idaho, yet she had been abducted when she was twelve years of age and after five years was offered to Charbonneau. Lewis and Clark recruited Charbonneau and his better half as translators and advisers for assist them with intersection the western mountains. Sacagawea ended up being extremely helpful to Lewis and Clarks campaign with her mind boggling ability to know east from west and by encouraging the 33-part bunch how to discover wild food, for example, artichokes, carrots and potatoes. She likewise patched their apparel with string and a needle made out of flying creature bone. When the outing was finished she had made 338 sandals for the men of the undertaking. Contact with Europeans in the late 1700s put the Mandan facing sickness, a foe they couldn't battle. Little pox constrained the Mandan to move to Fort Berthhold Indian Reservation, alongside their neighbors the Arikaras and the Hidatsas, who were additionally tormented with ailment. Right up 'til today numerous Mandan Indians live close Mandan, North Dakota directly over the Missouri River from Bismarck, North Dakota. Consistently the Mandan Indians and a few other region clans have a pow wow where they perform moves and sell gems and nourishment for crowds from all around the globe. Fortification Lincoln State Park Mandan Village is a recreation center found simply outside Mandan that has a little town of genuine earth holds up that guests can stroll into and see. Guests feel like they have been reclaimed into a piece of history since all the things one would have found during that time are in the hotels. One cabin even has a man (not genuine) dangling from the rafters speaking to the Okipa Ceremony. The recreation center is a really astounding sight to see and keeps the memory fit as a fiddle about the Mandan Indians legacy and lifestyle.

Haitian Cultural Interview free essay sample

In the event that it is discovered that cheating as well as literary theft took place in the composition of this paper, I comprehend the potential results of the demonstration/s, which could incorporate ejection from Indiana Wesleyan University. Joseph ElmsApril 9, 2013 Cultural Interview The motivation behind this paper is to talk about a meeting which occurred with an individual of an alternate culture who has lived in the United States for a time of five years or less. The thought behind the meeting was to increase a more profound comprehension of that person’s culture just as their strict convictions, wellbeing, political perspectives, family, and method of conveying. My meeting occurred at the medical clinic where I as of now work, in a lounge after the finish of my day of work with P. O. , a doctor who joined our association in July of 2012. P. O. goes to our office subsequent to finishing a multi year pediatric residency in Chicago. Before his pediatric residency, P. O. lived in Haiti where he additionally finished a multi year careful residency, at State University of Haiti Hospital, Port-au-Prince. Socially remarkable individual: My meeting started after a concise discussion with P. O. o talk about with him the subtleties of the task and to address any inquiries he may have in regards to the meeting. I messaged P. O. prior in the week to affirm our gathering spot and time, and needed to ensure he was sure about the reason for the meeting, since the entirety of our earlier discussions were examined by means of email. He guaranteed me that he comprehended and the meeting started. I started the meeting with asking P. O. to reveal to me a little about himself, for example, where he was conceived, and to what extent he had lived in the United States. P. O. answered that he was conceived in Port-de-Paix, Haiti, and had lived in the United States for just about 5 years (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). He disclosed to me that directly after his moving to the United States, he and his better half lived for a brief timeframe in Tampa, Florida with a portion of his loved ones while searching for a spot to live in Chicago. Correspondence: P. O. talks with a solid resounding sound. His articulation and articulation are slurred and frequently hard to comprehend. While he speaks English, it is difficult to comprehend, and I wound up requesting him to rehash himself on various events. He stops regularly all through our discussion, as though he is uncertain of how to impart his musings to me in English. I asked him what language he frequently likes to talk and his reaction was, â€Å"French or Haitian Creole† (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). He referenced that speaking â€Å"French† is viewed as progressively high class and upscale, and to speak Creole is viewed as a lower class language (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). I do review perusing that â€Å"Haitian Creole is the language of the provincial or poor population† and â€Å"French is the official national language and is comprehended and spoken uniquely by the upper or well off class† (Giger, 2013, p. 489). During our discussion, P. O. utilized continuous hand developments and motions when talking and I read that â€Å"Haitians every now and again use hand signals to supplement their speech† (Giger, 2013, p. 489). P. O. looked at me during the posing of my inquiries, and frequently utilized misrepresented outward appearances with the vast majority of his words. While most Haitians tend to not look (Colin, n. d. , p. 12), I thought about whether perhaps the explanation P. O. did was a direct result of his day by day managing patients, and having been in the nation for a couple of years. Space: Having worked with P. O. all the time, I’ve regularly saw his utilization of individual space when chatting with a patient and got some information about this during the meeting. He reacted by disclosing to me that multiple occasions how close he gets to a patient or their family, relies upon how tolerating they appear to him (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). Normally, he answered that he remains around 2-3 feet from a patient or a patient’s family when chatting with them. At the point when I asked him how close he stands when talking with relatives, collaborators, or others that he knows about, he expressed that he for the most part stands nearer to them, since he knows how they react. As indicated by Cook Ross (2010), contact for some, Haitians is regular practice and P. O. states that in the event that he touches a patient during his discussion, it is delicate and just to emphasize what he is stating or to offer help (P. O. ersonal correspondence, April 4, 2013). Social association: P. O. states that he is in an extraordinary condition of wellbeing; that he turns out to be every day, and cherishes hitting the dance floor with his better half. He jumps at the chance to â€Å"hang out† with companions, family, and going to shows. He is hitched, has two youngsters, one little girl who is 12, and one child who is 7. His dad s pent away a few years back, and just his mom is living (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). At the point when I asked him what it was that caused him to choose to turn into a doctor, he disclosed to me that it was a direct result of his dad. His dad was a doctor in the Army; extremely humane and mindful, and somebody he needed to display his life after (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). His connection between his dad and mom was mindful and steady and they generally urged him to look for after his objectives, and be as well as could be expected be. He coexisted incredible with his 4 sisters while growing up and keeps on staying in touch with them (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). I wasn’t precisely sure how to ask P. O. about his faith in a Supreme Being, for the most part since I had an inclination that I was at that point attacking his way of life. It was interesting in light of the fact that I had duplicated the inquiries for the meeting and made them sit before me to make it simpler to take notes. P. O. as a matter of fact took the paper from the table and began to recite the inquiries so anyone can hear and posed to the inquiry concerning his faith in â€Å"Supreme Being† himself. His reaction was that he believes in a more powerful; he is catholic and goes to chapel with his family when practical, however that relies upon what hours he is working at the emergency clinic (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). As we moved toward the subject of political perspectives, he shared that he truly doesn’t have any â€Å"set† sees. He evidently isn’t ready to cast a ballot in the United States yet so he said that he doesn’t feel a lot of an effect or have solid emotions towards governmental issues (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). Time: P. O. is a brief individual and names himself as a present-arranged individual, giving his best to keep a shot calendar however much as could be expected consistently. He frequently attempts to get 8 hours of rest a night, however this is all subject to whether he is â€Å"on-call† and the amount he needs to do when he returns home (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2012). Ecological Control: As our meeting proceeded, I began the following area of inquiries with posing to P. O. about his â€Å"locus-of-control† and whether he would see himself as more inside or remotely engaged. He expressed that he accepts that he is all the more inside centered and concurs that â€Å"the capacity to influence change lies within† (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). We quickly talked about powerful powers, and P. O. referenced that while he by and by doesn't trust in powerful powers, most of the Haitian populace has confidence in some type of â€Å"supernatural force†, and many keep on rehearsing Voodoo. I looked into this act of Voodoo somewhat more after the meeting and discovered that numerous individuals accept that the explanation that Haiti keeps on being so poor is a consequence of their Voodoo rehearses. Adam M. McGee says, â€Å"Vodou is every now and again conjured as a reason for Haiti’s proceeded with impoverishment. While insightful contentions have been progressed for why this is false, Vodou is tenaciously tormented by a poor reputation† (McGee, 2012). In the wake of talking about the issue of Voodoo and powerful powers, we changed towards less extraordinary themes, for example, neighborliness in Haiti and how Americans may think about. P. O. tated that while America is by all accounts inviting, they are not at all like Haiti. He expressed that he and his better half used to go out in Haiti constantly, and that loved ones would simply travel every which way as they please†¦they were consistently welcome. In the US, on the off chance that you do that you could have terrible things happen to your home and family (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). We proceeded for a couple of more minutes talking about neighborliness in the United States and how it varies from north to south, and afterward progressed into how his folks used to treat affliction when it was in their home. P. O. referenced that his mom would utilize natural solutions for him and his sisters now and again when he was more youthful, but since his dad was a doctor, they utilized increasingly conventional methods of treating affliction with medication and anti-infection agents (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 203). P. O. expressed that that the main genuine home grown cure that he despite everything utilizes now and again, is a kind of tea blend that he makes when he has an irritated throat (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). I proceeded with my inquiries in regards to his wellbeing and posed to him what his meaning of â€Å"good health† would be? He reacted that â€Å"good health† is only that, it is being in a condition of good wellbeing, while â€Å"poor health† he considers as somebody who is delicate and close to death (P. O. individual correspondence, April 4, 2013). I at that point got some information about what sicknesses or diseases were basic to his family, and he inquired as to whether I met by and by or socially. I reacted that I wasn’t sure, so he answered that socially speaking†¦hypertension, heart issues, significant contamination, and diabetes, a

Tate 2, the Sequel - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Tate 2, the Sequel - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Tate 2, the Sequel I needed to get out of the office today, and walked down to the center of campus to clear my mind. I went inside the Tate Student Center for a snack, and noticed that the walkway to the new wing of the Tate Center, known at this time as Tate 2, was open. Yes, as big as this construction project is, I still missed the actual grand opening! If you are visiting campus in the near future, this is one place you have to visit. It is in the center of campus, right next to the Miller Learning Center, and it looks amazing. For a better view, take a look at the Tate 2 website. And while I do not recommend any restaurant over another in Athens, a good friend of the family, Davis Fleming, would eat every meal at Barberitos if he could, and now he has one when he visits campus.

How to Improve Your English

Each learner has different objectives  and, therefore, different approaches to learning English. But some tips and tools are likely to help most English learners. Lets begin with the three most important rules:   Rule 1: Be PatientLearning English is a Process The most important rule to remember is that learning English  is a process. It takes time, and it takes lots of patience! If you are patient, you will improve your English.   Rule 2: Make a Plan The most important thing to do is to create a plan and follow that plan. Start with your English learning goals, and then make a specific plan to succeed. Patience is key to improving your English, so go slowly and focus on your goals. Youll speak English well soon if you keep to the plan. Rule 3: Make Learning English a Habit Its absolutely necessary that learning English becomes a habit. In other words, you should work on your English every day. Its not necessary to study grammar every day. However, you should listen, watch, read or speak English every day - even if its for a short period of time. Its much better to learn 20 minutes a day than to study for two hours twice a week. Tips for Learning and Improving Your English Have patience: Remember that learning a language is a gradual process—it does not happen overnight.Define your learning objectives early: What do you want to learn and why?Make learning a habit:  Try to learn something every day. It is much better to study (or read, or listen to English news, etc.) 10 minutes each day than to study for 2 hours once a week.Choose your materials well:  You will need reading, grammar, writing, speaking and listening materials.Vary your learning routine:  It is best to do different things each day to help keep the various relationships between each area active. In other words, dont just study grammar.Find friends: Finding friends to study and speak with in invaluable and learning English together can be very encouraging.Keep it interesting: Choose listening and reading materials that relate to what you are interested in. Being interested in the subject will make learning more enjoyable - thus more effective.Relate grammar to practical usage: Grammar by itself does not help you USE the language. You should practice what you are learning by employing it actively.Use reading to help with other English skills:  Reading can be used to help with vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and much more.  Flex your mouth muscles: Understanding something doesnt mean the muscles of your mouth can produce the sounds. Practice speaking what you are learning aloud. It may seem strange, but it is very effective. Exercises like  tongue twisters can help improve your flexibility.Communicate: Grammar exercises are great, but having your friend on the other side of the world understand your email is fantastic!Use the Internet:  The Internet is the most exciting, unlimited English resource that anyone could imagine and it is right at your fingertips.

Ethical Hacker - 5200 Words

Page  Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures http://www.eccouncil.org EC-Council Certified C EH Ethical Hacker EC-Council TM Page  http://www.eccouncil.org Hackers are here. Where are you? Computers around the world are systematically being victimized by rampant hacking. This hacking is not only widespread, but is being executed so flawlessly that the attackers compromise a system, steal everything of value and completely erase their tracks within 20 minutes. The goal of the ethical hacker is to help the organization take preemptive measures against malicious attacks by attacking the system himself; all the while staying within legal limits. This philosophy stems from the proven practice of trying to catch a†¦show more content†¦How Do They Go About It? Approaches to Ethical Hacking Ethical Hacking Testing Ethical Hacking Deliverables Computer Crimes and Implications Legal Perspective (U.S. Federal Law) Section 1029 and Penalties Section 1030 and Penalties Japan Cyber Laws United Kingdom Cyber Laws Australia Cyber Laws Germany’s Cyber Laws Singapore’s Cyber Laws Summary Page  Module: Footprinting Scenario Module Objectives Revisiting Reconnaissance Defining Footprinting Information Gathering Methodology Unearthing Initial Information Finding Company’s URL Internal URL Extracting Archive of a Website Google Search for Company’s Info People Search Footprinting through Job Sites Passive Information Gathering Competitive Intelligence Gathering Public and Private Websites http://www.eccouncil.org EC-Council DNS Enumerator SpiderFoot (http://www.binarypool.com/spiderfoot/) Sensepost Footprint Tools (www.sensepost.com/research/bidiblah) Wikito Footprinting Tool Web Data Extractor Tool Additional Footprinting Tools Whois Nslookup Extract DNS Information Types of DNS Records Necrosoft Advanced DIG Locate the Network Range ARIN Traceroute Traceroute Analysis 3D Traceroute (http://www.d3tr.de/) Tool: NeoTrace (Now McAfee Visual Trace) GEOSpider (http://www.delorme.com/professional/geospider/) Geowhere Footprinting Tool (http://www.geowhere.net/) Google Earth Tool: VisualRouteShow MoreRelatedAre Computer Hacker Break Ins Ethical? 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Why Courage Matters Free Essays

McCain mean by saying that â€Å"without courage all virtue Is fragile†? It means that If we lack courage to hold on to our beliefs In the moment of testing, no just when everybody agrees with our opinion but also when they go against opposition, then our beliefs are superficial and weak and add nothing to our self respect for our virtues. Explain the concept of moral courage using an example. Is it different from physical courage? Moral courage: Is the ability to act rightly In the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal, or discouragement. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Courage Matters or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the courage many people face on an everyday basis, always doing what Is right regardless of the consequences faced. Most people have a hard time doing the right thing when doing the opposite Is easier matter how hard It Is, and regardless of being Judged. This Is mostly because of human nature to care for their selves before others. For example, a group of guys walk down the street and watch a man’s wallet fall from his pocket. The right thing to do is pick it up and return it back to the man. Because, there are a group of guys the better option is to walk away with the wallet. Therefore, your moral courage is questioned. All it takes is one person taking a stand for doing the right thing. Physical courage is familiar to many people: is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, death, or threat of death. For example, when a building is caught on fire, people call the fire department. Firefighters run Inside that building regarding their fatty to help and protect the people trapped Inside. Regardless of the situation they make sure the people are safe, and sometimes losing their lives to save a stranger. Putting their lives on the line, not to overpower or harm others, but to serve and protect them. In these actions they deserve much respect for their hard work and dedication to serving others. What does McCain mean by â€Å"doing one’s nearest duty’? Does the fact that McCain is a high-profile politician add an element to that idea? Explain why or why not? It means that we should always strive to comply with our responsibilities and duties in every aspect of life. For five years, McCain was a POP in Vietnam. At one point he was offered his freedom but chose to stay behind with his fellow soldiers. That decision resulted In torture by his captors. Evaluate Moccasin’s decision In terms of physical and moral courage, and the concept of ones’ nearest duty. † resulted on more physical pain and torture. This action shows and represents mental courage and a sense of responsibility towards his personal duties. How to cite Why Courage Matters, Papers

Integrating Accounting Software and Payment Processing Systems

Question: Discuss about the Integrating Accounting Software and Payment Processing Systems. Answer: Introduction Accounting software is a type of computer software, which is used by the accounting professionals in order to manage accounts as well as for performing various operations of accounting (Hingorani, Beasley and Bradford 2015). Accounting software is used in both small and large-scale enterprises. According to Gebhartet al.(2013), implementation and development of accounting software in small business are very much reasonable. The adoption of accounting software in various industries creates number of challenges due to insufficient abilities of users in accounting section. This particular assignment describes the historical background and its market share including benefits of a particular accounting information software in Australia namely Xero. It is utilized for performing various operations related with accounts in small enterprises of Australia. The assignment reviews various literatures of Xero in order to discuss the history, adoption, development procedures of the accounting software and their competitive advantages. History of Xero in Australia It is stated by Kosalge and Ritz(2015), that when Rod Dury and some of these accountants realized that the traditional desktop accounting software is not up to date then they started implementing cloud based accounting software. In this way, Rod Dury founded Xero in order to keep the accounting software updated. It was officially founded in Wellington in the year 2006 (Hingorani, Beasley and Bradford 2015). The organization enters the market of Australia in the year 2008. The accounting software mainly reflects on the market of Australia for developing Xero in the market. Adoption and Development of Xero It is stated by Erturk and Fail (2015), that for proper as well as efficient development of Xero in the market of Australia, millions of dollars are invested. After researching for 12 months, it is found that almost 60% of the business of Australia is dependent on cloud computing. The business of Australia is preferring cloud computing due to some on the unique features (Dunbar, Laing and Wynder 2016). The accounting software Xero is adopted by the users of Australia, as the software is fully dependent on cloud. Figure1: Stages of development of Xero (Source: Muratovski 2016, pp-46) The development process of Xero occurs in several steps. Firstly, the Xero accounting software was developed in as working software so that the software becomes easy for people for the use of the people. After then a prototype specification is provided as the blueprint of Xero in the development process (Trivedi and Gangwar 2013). In order to achieve efficiency and effectiveness the prototyping specification is communicated in the form of documentation. This is also done in order to avoid misunderstanding and poor implementation (Hingorani Beasley and Bradford 2015). Colors and graphics are quite important and t for developing the experience of the users. The design prettygraphics helps in making the software dramatically better and the required development time is drastically less. Market Size of Xero Accounting Software Xero accounting software has grown in a spectacular fashion in the market of Australia. It helps in providing accounting software to very small enterprises by utilizing Internet. It is opined by Wyslocka and Jelonek (2015), that the growth of the company is fully dependent on the trend of moving the business out from traditional accounting software. The organizations are expanding enormously and as a result, the revenue that is collected on a yearly basis is around $30.3 million (Trivedi and Gangwar 2013). The main reason behind the growth of the company is continuous growth in various fields of product development. The company is facing some challenges as the share started rising by 493%. The price rate of the accounting software stands at 88 times based on 12 month, which indicates it is one of the most expensive as well as significant proportion as compared to other competitors in the Australian market. It is stated by Muratovski(2016), that there is 80% rises in revenue in the year 2014 based on the current market capitalism. The acquisition of the customers and the revenue number of the accounting software is increasing by 80% (Why Xero | Xero. 2016) If the market is targeted, Xero have 19% of the market share of New Zealand and only 4% of Australia. Identification of leaders in the market of Australia The distribution of various types of accounting software is changing and it quite different from one country to another. It is used in both large and small enterprises for various accounting operations. It is considered as one of the most widely used software package in the market of Australia (business accounting software | Xero. 2016). It constitutes almost 6% of the market share of the country. It is stated by Trivedi and Gangwar (2013) that the statistical records are reflecting that the accounting software is flourishing in the market of Australia due to some of its significant features. If large business enterprises are considered then Xero accounting software is faster as well as reliable. Competitive advantage of accounting Software The accounting software Xero have some significant as well as unique features as compared to other competitors including MYOB and reckon and as a result, it faces huge competitive advantage in the market of Australia. It is opined by Muratovski(2016), that Xero accounting software is fully cloud based and as a result, it offers number of other advantages to its users. The advantages offered by Xero include accessibility and proper connection of internet (Erturk and Fail 2015). The users of Xero can access their account from anywhere at any time, which is not possible for other accounting software like MYOB, Intuit and Sage. Figure 2: Comparing different companies of accounting Software (Source: Dunbar, Laing and Wynder 2016, pp-56). The integration system of Xero is great and thus it helps in collaborating as well as encouraging other application services, which is important for improving the processes. This type of collaboration with other application services in not present in other application service. Xero contains simple as well as intuitive user interface. It is stated by Baguma et al.(2013), that the institutive user interface, which is used in the accounting software of Xero, helps in making it easier to use. Xero accounting software helps in making the processes easy as well as fast. The price of the accounting software is reasonable and therefore it is economically wise in the various markets of Australia (Hingorani Beasley and Bradford 2015).It has the capability to auto-enter data for various processes of reconciliation which other accounting software cannot. Due to this entire feature, Xero gains competitive advantage in the market of Australia. Identification of current gaps and challenges Xero have certain disadvantages due to which the accounting software faces lot of issues. The accounting software is not secure and as a result, the users have to use certain applications in order to keep their data and information safe. If Xero is not capable to maintain its security properly then it is quite important for the accounting data to be hacked by the hackers (Kosalge and Ritz 2015). One of the most significant challenges of Xero is that it cannot be accessed without internet connection. Poor internet connection does not allow the users to work on Xero efficiently properly. The file of Xero can be accessed as long as the subscription is activated. In order to have proper as well as efficient access over Xero, it is quite important to have fast internet connection. The process of automation can be avoided due to its complexity (Dunbar, Laing and Wynder 2016). If the process is used by an enterprise, then they need to train their employees. The company for accounting software supplies webinars to the users. Conclusion It can be concluded that Xero is widely used in Australia irrespective of the size of the enterprises. This is due to some of the important as well as unique features of Xero. It is analyzed that Xero can be accessed from anywhere because it is fully cloud based. There are number of challenges and gaps that the organization faces. The most important challenge that Xero have is unavailability of internet connection. The accounting software is not authenticated and as a result, the users must use strong password in order to avoid hacking of data and information. Several recommendations are also provided in the paper in order to resolve the issues which are associated with accounting software. Recommendations In order to make the utilization of Xero better, some of the suggestions that are provided include: Adding new features: It is quite important to add some new features while developing Xero accounting software. The new features not only help in benefitting the company but it also helps the international users of the software. Training: It is important for the organization to provide proper as well as effective training to the users of accounting software so that the software can be handled effectively by the users. Training also assists the workers in acquiring knowledge about the different operations of the accounting software. Authentication: The accounting software should be authenticated such that the dataand information is impossible for the hackers to hack. Development: It is very much important for Xero to develop its accounting software in the fields of design and security for benefiting the users. References Baguma, R., Myllyluoma, M., Mwakaba, N. and Nakajubi, B., 2013, September. Usability and Utility Needs of Mobile Applications for Business Management among MSEs: A Case of Myshop in Uganda. InIFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 764-773). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. business accounting software | Xero. (2016).Xero. Retrieved 3 December 2016, from https://www.xero.com/accounting-software/ Dunbar, K., Laing, G. and Wynder, M., 2016. A Content Analysis of Accounting Job Advertisements: Skill Requirements for Graduates.The E-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,10(1), p.58. Erturk, E. and Fail, D., 2015. 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